constrain

verb

1. restrict

e.g. Tighten the rules
stiffen the regulations

Synonym: stiffentightentighten up

2. hold back

Synonym: restrainencumbercumber

1. 约束;限制;强迫
To constrain someone or something means to limit their development or force them to behave in a particular way.

e.g. Women are too often constrained by family commitments and by low expectations...
女性往往受到家庭责任和低期望值的束缚。
e.g. How can we produce top-class engineers when universities are constrained to offer salaries that can only attract mediocre staff?...
大学的财力有限，提供的薪酬仅能吸引水平一般的教师，在这种情况下，我们如何能培养出一流的工程师？

2. 觉得被迫(做某事)
If you feel constrained to do something, you feel that you must do it, even though you would prefer not to.

e.g. For some reason he felt constrained to lower his voice.
不知怎么的，他觉得自己必须得压低声音。

1. 强迫：)最新進展是利用 DNA 連接器(DNA linker)將某些塗布 DNA 的奈米粒子附加到一固態表面上,以更進一步強迫(constrain)與控制這些奈米粒子能如何連接. 這產生了更大的精密性,也因此是一種更可預測的、可重製的高生產量建構技術,

2. 约束：软件体系结构={构件(component),连接件(connector),约束(constrain)}.其中构件可以是一组代码,如程序的模块;也可以是一个独立的程序,如数据库服务器. 连接件可以是过程调用、管道、远程过程调用(RPC)等,用于表示构件之间的相互作用.

3. constrain

3. 等比例：系统常数 constants, system | 等比例 constrain | 强制等比例 constrain proportions