chronic

adj

1. being long-lasting and recurrent or characterized by long suffering

e.g. chronic indigestion
a chronic shortage of funds
a chronic invalid

2. habitual

e.g. a chronic smoker

Synonym: inveterate

3. of long duration

e.g. chronic money problems

Synonym: continuing

1. (疾病、残疾)慢性的，长期的
A chronic illness or disability lasts for a very long time.

e.g. ...chronic back pain.
慢性背痛

2. 难以根除的;积习难改的
You can describe someone's bad habits or behaviour as chronic when they have behaved like that for a long time and do not seem to be able to stop themselves.

chronic

e.g. Anyone who does not believe that smoking is an addiction has never been a chronic smoker.
不相信抽烟能上瘾的人肯定不是老烟民。
e.g. ...a chronic worrier.
总是忧心忡忡的人

3. (局势或问题)严重的，顽固的
A chronic situation or problem is very severe and unpleasant.

chronic什么意思

e.g. One cause of the artist's suicide seems to have been chronic poverty...
那位艺术家自杀的一个原因似乎是极端贫困。
e.g. There is a chronic shortage of patrol cars in this police district.
这个治安辖区严重缺乏巡逻车辆。

1. chronic

1. 慢性的：它可以是慢性的(chronic)、复发的(relapsing)或者缓解的(remitting). 它可以恶化(worsen)或者逐步改善(become better或者convalesce). ...

2. 慢性病：acute 急症 | chronic 慢性病 | congenital 先天性病

3. 长期的,慢性的：choke 阻塞;闷死 | chronic 长期的,慢性的 | circumstance (复)情况